Drinking More and More Soda?

During the economic recession, sales on sodas increased while those of bottled water, juices, and other soft drinks went down. In 2009 soda sales went up by 2.5% while sales in drinkable dairy products went down by 15%. The most popular brands that have increased in consumption have been variations of Dr. Pepper and Coca Cola. The different flavors provided by each brand have satisfied the desires of consumers. A similar situation has occurred to the events I described in my previous post about the potato chips. The increase in sales has occurred due to the affordability of the sodas. Besides the affordability, just like with the potato chips, the variety of flavors contributes to the increase of popularity of different soda brands. It could also be assumed that the sales of potato chips and soda increasing can be related and the two could maybe be complements. The increase in the soda industry really isn’t a big surprise. Advertisement and pricing have contributed to its increase in consumption greatly.

Netflix Dwindles

Netflix has become one of the most popular online movie companies in the nation throughout the last few years. Up until July of this year (2011), Netflix had kept their customers happy relativelty complain-free. However, their recent changes have led to a spike in discontent among millions of Netflix users. A Twitter user named Steve Harrison expressed his concern: "Netflix does more flip-flopping than a fish on a hot dock." Their first mistake was discontinuing free streaming video services to households that paid for its DVD-by-mail service. This alone raised monthly prices for some customers by over 60%. At the same time as this increase of price, quality of service did not change or improve. Why would a customer be willing to pay more for the same service? Two months later in September, Netflix announced another major change. It would be splitting its DVD and streaming services into two companies: Netflix and Qwikster. Now customers would have to deal with two companies rather than one when managing queues and paying bills. Seeing how upset customers were with the new addition of Qwikster and watching as stocks dropped by over 60%, Netflix decided to revoke their original decision and break off ties with Qwikster. Some customers approved of the decision, while others were still irritated with how many new decisions Netflix has made and how much the company has changed.  Kyle Wegner, a 26-year-old in Fayetteville, Arkansas, said he was going to quit using the company until he heard about the 180-degree-turn. Another less satisfied investor stated: "They're being really reactionary at this point, and that's not very comforting." Netflix needs to make some descisions fast and stick with them or they could loose millions of customers in only weeks.

-Morgan C. 

In and Out New Decisions

One really successful business that has flourished recently is the well-known food chain "In and Out Burger." One reason for their success may include their decision to expand and increase their number of locations, but I see the main reason as their decision to keep prices low. A regular cheeseburger at In and Out costs $2.50, while many other popular restaurant chains price their burgers anywhere from six to eight dollars. Keeping the price low increases demand and decreases the competition with these other chains. Unfortunately, they may not ultimately decide they need to increases prices in order to reach equilibrium. As many know, In and Out has expanded to Midway Road and the grand opening was just a few days ago. If you have been in or around this location since the opening, you most likely have noticed the numbers of both workers and customers are excessive. Right now and for the next few weeks business will be better than ever because people have been anticipating and building up excitement for the opening. However, once the initial boom of business dies down In and Out will have some decisions to make. They will have to balance out the supply of workers with the demand of the customers.  They will have to begin calculating their marginal production of labor and marginal production per worker. In and Out still has some work to do, but they are doing a great job of satisfying their customers so far.
-Morgan C.

Cell Phones cause change

The use of cell phones in the recent years has been rapidly increasing. The big companies like AT&T and Verizon have had to make many different decisions on rates and plans to accommodate this change. The use of land lines and long distance calls is what first dropped in these companies so many thought they would enter a recession, but what countered this was the use of the wireless cell phone. The said in the article that it was a once elastic market, but now since the change really increased (now increases at same rate) that it could be considered inelastic for people. The amount of wireless calls jumped from 3 billion hours in 2000 to 36 billion hours in 2008. The past year the amount of calls has dropped throughout carriers, this raises a question will the companies rises their prices for phones and service, or can they compensate for them by their data prices. In the next couple of years we will see what their decisions seem to be.

http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/11/04/telecoms-big-hang-up/?iid=HP_River.

The week Google really 'messed up'

A harsh report from CNN Tech this week announced that Google has once again produced "another disaster" with its releasing of the Gmail app for iOS. The company posted "The iOS app we launched today contained a bug with notifications. We have pulled the app to fix the problem. Sorry we messed up." This is not very comforting to see from one of the largest internet technology companies. The real problem is that this is just one of a long list of things that Google has failed to produce properly. Only two weeks prior, an update to Google Reader was produced and pulled within the same hour. These recent botches are digging at Google's image as an innovative company which brings into question the elasticity of its customers. If Google keeps releasing disappointing products, people may stop being excited about the company as a whole. How long will costumers trust Google and its products? MG Siegler, a tech pundit, wrote that "They release something, and I no longer have any faith that it's going to be any good." He went on to explain that Google does not have the reputation and consumer inelasticity as companies like Apple has because of the trustworthiness, or lack there of, in their products. Recently, Google has been marked by its attempt at Google+ and Google Latitude, which have both been seen as miserable efforts to compete with Facebook. Google is trying to create substitutes for popular products but it is backfiring on them because of the elasticity of their products. Customers don't care about the Google name on the product, if the price keeps going up on the products that don't work properly, consumers will look for other options. Siegler continued with, "When you release sub-par products, you look sub-par yourself. Customers don't care what platform it's on, and don't care what politics are going on behind the scenes at the company. If you release s---, you look like s---. It's much better to release nothing at all." At the moment, it is in one's self-interest to stay away from Google products until they can prove themselves to put out trustworthy products at reasonable prices, but until then, customers demand for Google products will remain very elastic.

Wal-Mart to leak its own Black Friday deals

According to a CNNMoney article, Wal-Mart is giving shoppers an early look at its Black Friday deals for the first time this year; giving them a head start on competitors. Wal-Mart will offer those customers who sign up at Walmart.com or Facebook.com/Walmart an early preview of its Black Friday deals on an assortment of electronics, toys, household items and clothing. This is a clever move to figure out who the retail giant's core customers are and to leap ahead of the competing stores like Target, Costco, and Dollar General. By knowing the prices of Black Friday deals first from Wal-Mart, some consumers might not even look anywhere else to buy. The retailer also said it would roll out "Super Saturday" sales at stores nationwide. On a specific Saturday in November, Wal-Mart will be offering their biggest sales of the year, except for one day: Black Friday. To further lure shoppers this season, the retailer announced a "Holiday Price Guarantee" last week. Wal-Mart will offer shoppers a refund on the difference if they find the same product they purchased at a Wal-Mart store advertised for a lower price elsewhere. Wal-Mart is doing all of this to increase demand for the holidays. Sales imply changes in price, which causes a movement along a demand curve therefore increasing the quantity demanded. Not only are they creating an increase in demand, they are creating incentive for customers to spend their Black Friday and shop for the holidays at Wal-Mart. Along with the sales, the retailer has promised layaway on purchases over $15, free shipping on most Walmart.com products, no interest on Wal-Mart credit card purchases if they are paid for in full within six months, and a 10-cent discount on each gallon of gas bought at participating Murphy USA or Wal-Mart stations. Wal-Mart is putting a lot of incentives out there for customers to feel like the store with the most benefits is Wal-Mart. Consumers will obviously have to look at the trade-offs while shopping around on Black Friday, but Wal-Mart, so far, has given the most desirable prices for their customers.

- Taylor E.

In this CNN article, the idea of extreme couponing is portrayed. It is said that on a good day Tiffany Ivanovsky walks out of the grocerystore with shopping bags full of food, having saved 80% to 90% of the bill. The mainstream of our society are oblivious that, If used in the correct way, coupons can save you a lot of money. Ivanovsky often gets food for free or even makes money on purchases. To do that, she uses multiple coupons or stacks manufacturer coupons on top of store coupons to get bigger discountsAnd when the coupons actually exceed the value of the item she is buying, she makes money. The total revenue for the company is actually in the negatives. The elasticity of demand for these goods are high due to the help of coupons. I know stores try to work at its most efficient level of production but with people like ivanovsky its makes the business operate inefficiently. The coupons were produced so the demand of consumers would raise producing profit, but it has seemed to back fire. Hopefully entrepreneur’s owners will notice what’s going on and gain human capital. They might need to put limits on how many coupons one person can use at a time. I personally think the coupons will still be ok though because it takes a lot of time and effort into figuring out how to save that much money on groceries but for business owners you can do a promotion that drives a lot of people into the store but at the end of it all that's not good for the company if a retailer goes out of business because they didn't manage their promotional money the right way --Tre Vance

celebrity buisnesses

The famous snooki from jersey shore isn’t typically seen by her fans as a businesswoman, yet the article from CNN proves them all to be wrong.. Our consumers today use television and celebrities as a vital tool to help know what looks good and whats in style. Nicole took advantage of her famous TV publicity and created several business opportunities for herself in the microeconomics division. She used the demand of her idolizing character in jersey shore to create demand for places she went, things she wore, and how she conducted herself. Now she sells all of this to consumers/ fans and gains profit from it all. Now her personal appearances command a reported $20,000. Nicole exposes consumer sovereignty by using social media and technology to get feed back from her fans on what they like and prefer. Luckily Nicole is in a free enterprise system allowing her to truly produce what she likes because the fans like whatever she does. She doesn’t have this money all to herself since she didn’t get famous by herself in result producing externalities. All of Nicoles consumers demands are inelastic because everyone strives to be so much like snooki, so price doesn’t matter, producing even more total revenue for her businesses. Unfortunately once the TV show comes to an end I’m not sure how successful Nicole will be then. Once the demand for her decreases the demand for what she wears and all the rest of her products will go down. That’s the major downfall for celebrity businesses. Tre Vance

Dynamic Pricing

Whoever came up with dynamic pricing is genius. Knowing that the demand of tickets is going to increase depending on different variables, just as weather, opponents, times, or even days of the week. The St. Louis Cardinals baseball organization exhibited dynamic pricing at is finest during and after the World Series Game 6. It showed the different prices jumping up $100 in a mere inning; less than an hour! Then jumping another $60 in less than an hour, and by the morning after the Cardinals won game 6, forcing a sudden death atmosphere forcing the deciding game 7, another $100 increase. The average price for a World Series ticket at The Cardinals stadium was around $750-$800 jumped to around $950, in less than 12 hours. The demand of these tickets affected by just a variable such as winning, sky rockets, not usually happening during the regular season if a team wins 1 out of 162 games. But if dynamic pricing is so successful, there have to be SOME cons of this perfectly good pricing method, so what do you think they are?

Is Our Economy Healthy?

Do you think we’re stilling feeling aftereffects of the recession ended in 2009? According to “The New Republic” article, our economy is growing too slow for the uprising population we’re seeing increase. The economy is getting left in the dust comparing to population, which could make our economy decrease quite a bit, therefore possibly sending us into another recession. Unemployment and under-employment is also affecting our economy by not giving a paycheck to employees for them to spend it and feed it back into our much-needed economy.

So how can we help the economy now? We could try and manage our importing and exporting a little, by that I mean we could try and not import, or buy as much, because then we just lose money even while we’re exporting, much fewer goods. We need to balance it out a little more, then jobs in that industry would have to be cut, therefore leading to more unemployment. Another possible solution is get the citizens to not be scared, and take there money out of savings and buying more things, raising the demand for employees, thus circulating money through our economy.

Blu-ray sales Sky rocketing in 2011

You really never consider that the movie industry could be hurting due to low or no sales in DVD’s. Hollywood’s troubled, home entertainment business is finally on an upswing.  The Digital Entertainment Group, which monitors consumer spending for home entertainment in the United States reports a 5% increase in this year’s sales: $3.7 billion to $3.9 billion. The extreme increase in sales in the matter of 1 year, is the first major increase since 2008. Due to the increase in Blu-ray sales, video store rentals are falling along with on-demand revenue, which has hardly increased at all over the past year.  The video industry has shown a decline due to piracy, economic weakness, and digital competition.  This has caused a massive decline in income from the rental and sale of DVD’s.  Even the sales made in movie theatres throughout the U.S. have risen immensely. This past year, the number of homes with Blu-ray players has risen 52%. This shows a massive shift in supply. Blu-rays have also evolved from an expensive luxury good that no one knew much about, to a mid-priced good that is slowly taking over the video market.  Blu-ray sales yield more money than low cost rentals from kiosks and Netflix, which are very important to the movie making industry. This increase in Blu-rays is an example of the law of supply. The quantity of the Blu-ray has increased and helped the outcome of an entire industry. This Blu-ray format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high definition video as well as storing large amounts of data. No one would have ever guessed what an impact these new video players would have. In a time where spending money on luxury entertainment is limited, it seems that with such an increase in Blu-ray sales, the Hollywood video industry is quickly turning around.

Halloween costumes: NOT age appropriate

What are retailers thinking when they make Halloween costumes for young girls that are NOT age appropriate? Where are the little ballerinas, fairies, and princesses? Now they have little black dresses  for 4-5 year olds. Young girls are being influenced by TV and advertising and are going for the racy costumes. We forget that this is all led by the clothing market of skinny jeans and for lack of a better word, “sexy” T-shirts for tots.  Young girls are learning that their value comes from how they look and being defined as “sexy and sassy”. The retailers are extending this idea of sexy and sassy into costumes that are being bought up with no problem at $35 - $40 per costume. These retailers are banking on advertising campaigns with huge temporary storefronts to attract families young and old to walk in and buy these ridiculously expensive but, cheaply made costumes. As these companies spend money on advertising and the packaging of these costumes, they are hoping for an increase in demand for their goods. The demand for these goods has evidently increased because Halloween has turned into an $840 million business to $1billion business in the course of 1 year. With the economy not doing well, the consumer is choosing to spend their income on a luxury item. They could make a costume, borrow a costume, and have something that is age appropriate rather than spending the extra money. In my opinion, they are EXTREMELY influenced by the media at such a young age; they have plenty of time to grow up. A kid needs to be a kid!

Potato Chips Consumption Increase

Potato Chips have become more popular during the last few years, and are continuing to get more popular as new flavors come out. When the economy started going south, during the recession, the sales for potato chips increased by 22%. Reasons behind this could not only be because of new flavors, brands, etc., but because of their affordability. Most potato chip bags are sold very cheaply which could contribute to the great consumption in order to save money buying food. Even after the recession, potato chip sales continued to increase. Research has been done showing that there’s a trend of consumers increasingly eating salty snacks between meals and after dinner. The affordability has also greatly contributed to the consumption of potato chips. With the low prices of chips and their increasing demand companies could easily decide to raise the price in order to meet the new equilibrium price that has been created.

Could Google TV become a top Contender?

When Google TV launched in October 2010, all signs pointed toward success. But, lack of user and cooperation from major TV companies caused the previous signs to be meaningless.  Other turnoffs included a poor operation system that was too confusing for users.  Recently though, Google has announced that Android is updating the software for Google TV.  The upgrade is planning on making the user interface much simpler and making it easier to scroll through the available shows.  By employing android to perfect this update, Google is hoping to shift the demand of Google TV outward.  They are hoping to raise the equilibrium price to a level similar to what was originally predicted after Google TV’s launch in 2010.  Another reason for Google’s attempt to shift the demand of Google TV is to try to make it a more desirable substitute than its competitors.  Right now Companies like Netflix, Apple TV, and Amazon instant video have become greater demanded substitutes for Google TV.  This software update may be the increase in “curb appeal” that will bring upon Google’s command of the TV streaming market.  

Peanut Butter rise

Due to the poor harvest season of peanuts, the price of peanut butter is going to increase for the following weeks. This is the worst harvest in decades says CNN. This rise is going to affect a lot of other markets because consumers will now try to find a substitute for a cheaper price. It will be this way until there is a new harvest of peanuts to come. Another way this will effect a good is its complement jelly with either making the consumption of it decrease while its prices stay the same. Peanut butter is one of the most commonly bought items in most households, and with an expected 13% drop of its amount sold will show that some people will find a new way to substitute this common good. This is also going to raise the prices of goods containing peanut butter, so if there is a way that the harvesters could begin harvesting for peanuts again it would be a great thing to lower this good back to its original low price.

http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/31/markets/peanut_butter_prices/index.htm?hpt=hp_t1&iid=EL#TOP 

Tainted Cantaloupe: Listeria

In late September, an outbreak of Listeriosis cases were reported throughout California. 13 deaths have been linked with the disease, and potentially an additional two. The tainted cantaloupes causing the outbreak was traced back to Jensen Farms in Holly, California. The bacteria carrying the disease is more deadly than E. Coli. Between July 29 and September 10, these infected cantaloupes were nationally distributed. By September 12, the first case had been reported and recalls began. The recalls took a huge toll on the entire cantaloupe industry. Demand plummeted when Americans heard of the crisis. Although it was only a select group of cantaloupes tainted with the bacteria, customers have avoided purchasing cantaloupes in general in fear of Listeria. The contamination of one batch of cantaloupes completely altered the buyers' desire to purchase them. This affects cantaloupe producers all over the world, not just Jensen's farm. The shift in demand causes these producers to lose money. Without the money they are forced to produce fewer to no amounts of cantaloupe. The cantaloupe industry has turned into a downward spiral, most likely not to recover for months and possibly years. 
-Morgan C.

http://blogs.laweekly.com/squidink/2011/09/cantaloupe_recall_listeria_deaths.php

Airline Fees

It was recently reported that airlines, including United Continental and US Airways, have made a smaller profit since the end of the third-quarter. Five of the biggest airlines have been following the "charge more and fly less" strategy ever since the jet-fuel bills peaked to $3.14 billion. Obviously, this method is not working. Profit for US Airways has dropped about 68 percent to $76 million, when just last year profit was at $240 million. the CEO of farecompare.com, Rick Seaney, told Dallas Morning News that there has been 18 attempted faire increases in 2011 thus far, only about half succeeding. When such a large business, such as an airline, and you see that your revenue is decreasing, wouldn't you want to lower the prices in hopes of making more money? Because airfare is so high, people have been flying less, taking away from Delta, US Airways, United Continental, Southwest, and Jet-Blue's income. I personally think that they would have a better chance of surviving this dilemma by lowering their prices so more people will be willing to fly with airlines. Eventually, they would be able to pay for the jet-fuel bills. If the companies are expecting lower demand like the article reads, then why not do something about it? Am I wrong for thinking this?

Students Helped With Debt

Student debt is a challenge many have to go through, but Obama is putting in a new act to enhance and diminish the problem of students having long term debt to pay off their school loans. This new program is supposed to debut in 2014 and help students to keep more money and get out of debt faster. It seems as it could greatly help some people but where will the government have to achieve all the money from, more than likely either increase taxes on certain things or employ better federal spending. The debt of school loans, right now, is more than credit card debt. So helping out all of these students is going to increase our economy in the future because it is a twenty year plan. Another main point is that now the rate of unemployment for right of college is 9.4%, so the ability for a part of graduates to pay off their loans is very difficult. So through these new efforts it will help students and recent graduates get out of debt, and enjoy their future lives.

http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/25/news/economy/Obama_student_loan/index.htm

Attachment to the Grid

According to Elizabeth Souder's article in the Dallas Morning News on October 27, 2011 entitled "Double jolt: higher bills, less reliability" Texans attached to the electricity grid are about to go on "a free-market roller coaster."  Souder reveals that in the decade to come, electricity prices are sure to steadily increase for many factors, including the growing population and Texas’ climate vulnerable to extreme heat and cold.  With more Texans “Reliant” on electricity than ever, the demand is extraordinarily high and the consumers' demand is very inelastic.  Currently, with the high demand for electricity and low supply, there is a shortage.  This can be accredited to electricity companies not building more electricity generating plants because they are simply too expensive for electric companies to expand their capital in the tough and highly competitive electricity market.  One would think that according to the law of supply, with electricity prices high more supply would be offered.  However, experts who work for these companies worry that these prices are temporarily inflated and that investment in more capital could be hard to pay off in the future.  The supply of electricity is relatively inelastic as far as producing more electricity, resulting from more capital.  This is because plants right now seem to be running at full capacity, with little ability to increase production, without expanding and producing new power sources by bringing old, shutdown ones to code or by building new facilities.  In addition, many companies are being forced to shut down their electricity production plants because the facilities do not comply with the newly enforced pollution regulations, which increase the cost of production as well.  Natural gas pipelines in Texas have historically set a trend for the prices of other sources of alternative energy.  With natural gas costs relatively low, there has been deterrence from producing new sources of electricity, furthering the shortage due to the lump amount of profit allowed to companies by natural gas.  In Texas' "deregulated market" when supply cannot meet the demand of the consumers, the equilibrium price of electricity skyrockets.  ERCOT Chief Executive Tripp Doggett says that increased regulations to protect the environment alone will increase customer’s bill by 10%.  Our attachment to the grid is extraordinary, and with government setting a price ceiling of $3,000 per mega-watt hour, there is little incentive to increase supply, forcing rolling blackouts to occur.

Guilty Plea to Kidney-Selling Charges

The secondary market demand for kidneys has never been higher as the waiting list for legal transplants grows longer and longer. The once trust-worthy doctor, Levy-Izhak Rosenbaum, pleaded guilty in the federal court that he had partaken in illegal transplants for jaw-dropping payments of $120,000 or more. However, Dr. Rosenbaum never saught out the recpients but instead they asked him and theu had consenting donors who were completly aware of the consequences. Rosenbaum was buying organs from donors in Israel for $10,000 and that he was selling the organs for much more to wealthy Americans so they could skip out on the waiting list. Paul J. Fishman, the United States attorney for New Jersey, said that “A black market in human organs is not only a grave threat to public health, it reserves lifesaving treatment for those who can best afford it at the expense of those who cannot.” The black market allows wealthy people with a demand to purchase organs at whatever price the seller wants. The black market process is definately not a fair one, but is the long waiting line for those in dire situations fair too?

Netflix: Flushed Down The Toilet

Most everyone is familiar with the popular company called Netflix. Some of us even use Netflix to get DVD's in the mail, watch movies online, or how most of my friends use it, through XBOX 360 to watch movies and TV shows. Netflix became a booming company with total revenue toping out at $822 million at the end of the second quarter. However, Netflix has entered itself into an enormous collapse, some what like the collapse the Boston Red Socks had at the end of this years MLB regular season. Because of all excess demand, Netflix believed its price was below equilibrium, so they raised the price of streaming movies online and receiving DVDs in the mail in order to maximize profit. Streaming and receiving movies and TV shows by mail were previously offered together for $8.99, but with the current price increase, Netflix split streaming and receiving by mail into two individual services both costing $7.99. This price increases has destroyed Netflix, causing the demand to drop immensely. In the third quarter, Netflix lost 800,000 subscribers!!! As well as stocks plunging 35% (numbers which are predicted to worsen a lot more). Now, their is no excess demand, but now excess supply, showing that Netflix moved its price to far above equilibrium. I am a current Netflix subcriber and when they announced their price change, I cancelled my mail subscription, but not my streaming subscription. However, most Netflix customers do not have any inelastic demand, and left the company all together. If Netflix wants to stay in business, they need to make a change, especially in price.

Link: http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/25/technology/netflix_stock/index.htm

Rodgers Bringing in the Green

Big shocker, Aaron Rodgers jerseys have the highest sales out of all NFL jerseys according to Darren Rovell. Green Bay fans probably have Rodgers shrines in their homes and worship their local hero on a daily basis. Rodgers has continued the Packers winning streak and the Super Bowl champs have a 7-0 record so far this season. Naturally, the demand for Aaron Rodgers jerseys is very high and will continue to be so for awhile. To my surprise, Michael Vick was number three on the list. Yes he's a good quarterback and has been racking up the fantasy points but with all the PETA people and dog lovers out there, it doesn't seem like Vick jerseys would be wanted that bad. After his recent shenanigans and poor performance this season, Big Ben Roethlisberger has dropped out of the top selling list. He's not that great anymore and Pittsburgh isn't too hot this season, weakening the demand for Roethlisberger jerseys. No one is really going to want to shell out quite a bit of cash for a player who isn't having a good season and isn't that popular amongst viewers. But rookie Cam Newton, who is breaking records left and right, has made it onto the list. He's been fun to watch, fans love him, and even though his team is 2-5 the demand for Cam is high. This just goes to show that demand is dependent on so many variables and when it comes to sports, popularity and success mean everything.

The Magical Limited Sandwich

What has a saucy barbecue flavor, sells for a limited time, is sold under the two golden arches logo and has helped its market? The McDonald's McRib! America's favorite sandwich has come back for a limited time in all available McDonald's fast food restaurants causing excitement amongst its costumers and the hope of more to come. Making the McRib a scarcity by saying it is available for a limited time has the costumers jumping out of their seats and running to get the sandwich making an inelastic decision because they buy the sandwich no matter what godly price it is. This is actually a great strategic way for the market to increase its profits because the sandwich is so good, according to 7,000 fans, customers would buy the sandwich for the time it is placed on the menu. How extreme do people go for this infamous sandwich? Many people drive more than 500 miles from one McDonalds to another just so they can get their hands on the sandwich not paying caring how much money they spend on gas (check out link 1). Other people have gone to the point to post where the McRibs are being sold(check out link 2). Now, if the McRib is such a successful way to earn money, why not make it permanent? Aha! That's where advertisement comes in persuading people to buy as much as possible before they all sell out making huge profits from a simple sandwich. Ronald McDonald, you have showed us yet another side of money you attain.
Source: http://www.inc.com/articles/201110/marketing-lessons-from-the-mcdonalds-mcrib.html
Link to source: http://www.gobankingrates.com/savings-account/how-much-is-a-mcdonalds-mcrib-sandwich-worth-to-you/
Link 2 to source: http://www.kleincast.com/maps/mcrib.php

With New Labor Contracts, Detroit Protects Turnaround

General Motors, Ford and Chrysler met with the United Automobile Workers (UAW) union this week and discussed the future of their companies after the ratification of their last four year agreement. All three of the Detroit-based companies made progress in closing the gap between foreign competition and can now be substituted because they are desired more by consumers. The American companies decided to keep cost down but they keep production the same and hire more workers. Howeever the companies evaded increasing wages for long-time workers which was a main point of the UAW's contracts. In the past, the companies hired around 300,000 workers in 2001 but now it has shrunk to only 112,000 workers! The companies claimed to reduce workers to match their decreasing market shares but their total output has decreased as well. Their marginal output of labor was shown in reverse- the less the hired, the less they produced. However, American companies pay workers about $50-57 an hour while the foregn competetors only pay below $50 an hour. The higher salary for the American companies increase the incentive for laborers to work there than for the foreign companies. This might cause in increase in the supply of labow and a decrease for the demand, but all of the American companies are looking to increase their marginall product of labor so they are looking for new workers. Will this drastic change in employees and production rate make the companies sucsessful again, or will the demand for locally produced cars decrease even more?

Not Cured, but Getting Healthier

The new GDP numbers from last quarter have just been released. As talked about in the article "U.S. Economy Picks Up Pace, Averting Stall," the details of these new numbers can be seen. The real GDP increased from a 1.3% increase to a 2.5% increase in the last quarter, that's a 1.2% increase for all you folks that are a little slow at math. This 1.2% growth was the largest in the past year. The rise in GDP can be credited to consumer spending and business investment. According to the article, consumers spent more on healthcare, and businesses invested in software and vehicles. Even though this growth in GDP is definitely a great thing for the economy, we are still not in the clear. A economy is considered healthy when economic growth is 3% for the year, meaning all four quarters average out to 3%. Sitting at 2.5% right now, our economy is not considered healthy. Hey, at least we are heading in the right direction! But, to recover from the recent recession, the GDP needs to keep increasing, even at higher rates, in order to lower unemployment by a significant amount and get our economy healthy. This task is a difficult one to say the least. According to the article, economist don't expect growth to rise in the next few quarters, but as the wise and knowingly Mr. Ostroff said, "Economists can't predict the future, they can only analyze the past."

Link: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/business/economy/us-economy-shows-modest-growth.html?ref=todayspaper

A Sensitive Topic

2011 is the year that candidates who are running for president have to be prepared to answer any issue in the U.S. no matter what. There's health care, immigration, education, etc. A very sensitive topic to talk about is abortion being legalized or illegalized in the United States. This is a very hard topic to answer and try to create a solution for because one may not now the background story of each woman who aborted like if they were raped, abused or if the pregnancy was to risky. This relates to economy because the cost of an abortion is over 300 dollars on a certain amount of weeks fetus has grown but the money increases as the fetus grows. Though it looks expensive, can you really put a price on a life? Before abortion was illegal in certain U.S. states, 29 per 1,000 women have aborted in a year but after it became illegalized in some countries, the amount of women who have aborted has decreased by 10 making it 19 women per 1,000 woman. Due to the illegalization of some states on abortion, clinics have closed for they no longer make enough total revenue to be greater than their total cost. Having said this, some abortion clinics have even decreased the price on abortions because they haven't reached the equilibrium of a reasonable price to some women. Again, it is a very dangerous issue to discuss, but abortion is a morally debated topic that gives profit to an entrepreneur who opens a clinic.

Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/24/opinion/frum-abortion-issue/index.html?hpt=op_mid

It's All Part of the Plan

A few years back, Apple products were some of the more expensive goods in the market. Prices were high, yet the technology was so advanced that it kept consumers coming back for more. Soon enough, Apple competitors, such as Verizon, Samsung, and T-Mobile, started producing smart phones similar to the Iphone, enabling you to skip the long lines for Mac products. As soon as Apple began to be regarded as ‘overpriced’, the former Apple Co-Founder, Steve Jobs, started sketching new strategies. The company started to lower their prices to where there really isn’t much competition anymore. Sure, you can always find cheaper alternatives, but nothing as great as Apple. From the iPad, iPhone, and iPods, “the aggressive pricing, analysts say, reflects Apple’s ability to use its growing manufacturing scale to push down costs for the crucial parts that make up its devices.” For many reasons, this was a great move on their part. The new iPhone 4s came out only a few days ago, and already sold more than four million over the debuting weekend. That just goes to show how superior Apple has become in today’s world of technology. Is there really much else to argue?

The Euro is NOT the Villian

In Antonio Fatas’ Article “The Euro’s Role in the European Economic Crisis,” he disputes the theoretical argument that manipulation of exchange rates can be used to smooth the ups and downs of business cycles.  The world economy, including the United State’s economy, is threatened by conditions in several small European countries.  In Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Greece, liberal governments have historically provided generous entitlements to the citizens of the countries.  However, their government expenditures have been far greater than their tax revenues collected.  As a result, several of the smaller European economies, especially that of Greece, are currently threatened by government debt default.  Apart of the creation of the European Union involved the creation of a standard European currency, based on the Euro, with individual countries releasing control of their historical currencies in order to encourage free trade throughout the European continent.  In several European nations with marginal economies, the loss of control over currency has added to their economic woes.  In the old system where each country controlled the value of their own currency, each sovereign nation had the power to devalue their currency in order to promote growth of their GDP, allowing them to make their debt sustainable.  In his analysis, Fatas fails to conclude that currency valuation has a major impact on the economic health of the EU members, using Sweden, one of the best performers, and Greece, one of the worst performers, as examples.  The economic health of European countries appears to depend primarily on their ability to produce products and services for export rather than on currency exchange rates.

Netflix Stocks Sink as Subscribers Flee

As the third quarter has come to a close Netflix has had some shocking realizations. It was during the start of the third quarter that they made the announcement that they were now charging separately for DVD streaming and DVD rentals.  This would result in a large price increase for consumers of the Netflix package.  Despite this Netflix still was able to earn $62 million at the end of the third quarter.  But this did not keep the demand of Netflix stocks from shifting.  The demand curve for Netflix stocks had a severe inward shift after it announced its massive loose of subscribers.  At the end of the third quarter, Netflix reported its consumer base shrinking by almost 1 million.  This is the first time the consumer base of Netflix has shrank in many years and analysts say that this shrinking is not done yet.  They predict that there will be an even greater loss of subscribers by the end of the fourth quarter in December.  Netflix itself warns stockholders that it is not going to be profitable in the upcoming quarters.  This drop in shareholders and consumers can both be explained by the law of substitutes.  Many DVD rental companies are out there and for the longest time Netflix has held the most consumers.  As soon as the price is increased though, we see the substitution effect take place and consumers take their money other places that are cheaper.  Things like Vudu and Blockbuster offer similar services that Netflix does; now that Netflix has increased their prices, consumers are choosing the cheaper option.  This increase in price of Netflix streaming and postal services also shows the effects of a price rising above equilibrium.  The increased price has caused a excess supply proving that is it in fact above equilibrium. 

http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/25/technology/netflix_stock/index.htm

Netflix Wiplash Angers Customers

Netflix has become one of the most popular online movie companies in the nation throughout the last few years. Up until July of this year (2011), Netflix had kept their customers happy relativelty complain-free. However, their recent changes have led to a spike in discontent among millions of Netflix users. A Twitter user named Steve Harrison expressed his concern: "Netflix does more flip-flopping than a fish on a hot dock." Their first mistake was discontinuing free streaming video services to households that paid for its DVD-by-mail service. This alone raised monthly prices for some customers by over 60%. At the same time as this increase of price, quality of service did not change or improve. Why would a customer be willing to pay more for the same service? Two months later in September, Netflix announced another major change. It would be splitting its DVD and streaming services into two companies: Netflix and Qwikster. Now customers would have to deal with two companies rather than one when managing queues and paying bills. Seeing how upset customers were with the new addition of Qwikster and watching as stocks dropped by over 60%, Netflix decided to revoke their original decision and break off ties with Qwikster. Some customers approved of the decision, while others were still irritated with how many new decisions Netflix has made and how much the company has changed.  Kyle Wegner, a 26-year-old in Fayetteville, Arkansas, said he was going to quit using the company until he heard about the 180-degree-turn. Another less satisfied investor stated: "They're being really reactionary at this point, and that's not very comforting."

Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/10/tech/web/netflix-qwikster-reaction/index.html?hpt=hp_bn6

Will Our Children Eat?

According to politicscurrenteventsworld.com, our world population by the year 2050, will have grown to 9 million people occupying our earth. As a global community, by 2050, we would have to increase our food production by a whopping 70 percent to feed up and expanding populations. Globally today, close to 1 billion people are suffering from starvation while there over been over 60 riots over shortages of food in 30 different countries in the past few years. Contrary to the overwhelming 1 billion people suffering from not being able to feed themselves and their families, 1 billion other people are eating themselves into obesity when they could possible being helping this somewhat inevitable crisis coming in the near future. While the U.S. is acknowledging this soon to be epidemic, the British government is wanting to take action and join forces to prevent this from happening, and to get started as soon as possible. So what actions do you think we as a country should take to try and prevent a shortage of food for our world in the years to come?

Facebook: Charging Users?

There are many rumors being spread that Facebook is going to start charging its users an additional fee for membership. The real question is why would anyone want to pay for something that they could get for free on Google, Twitter, MySpace or any other social networking site? Facebook’s’ main goal is to connect everyone in the world. If one had to pay, it would be leaving out millions of people that weren’t able to afford a membership no matter what the cost may be. This idea is a great indicator of supply and demand. The demand for Facebook has skyrocketed since it started in 2004. In one day, half a billion people have used the website. Facebook’s business model completely revolves around having as many users as possible. The company realized that they can’t reach their ultimate goal if they charge users.  Also, the idea of charging users is a perfect example of opportunity cost. Creators are giving up potential revenue that they could receive, for the need of masses of users to fuel their company to be successful. One final example of charging users is the idea of a tradeoff for the company.  Facebook doesn’t need any money at this point because they are bringing 4 billion in revenue this year, raising more than 2 billion in venture capital. In 2012, the company is expected to be with 100 billion. They have chosen to make their money by advertising, Facebook credits, and social games such as Farmville and Mafia wars. Eventually they may charge for subscriptions to music and TV services, but it wouldn’t make sense to charge a user to their personal account.

For Richer or.....

It seems that the wedding vows are being taken a little to literally. In ABC's article Can't Buy Love studies show that marriages are falling apart due to materialism between couples. Jason Carroll, a BYU professor of family life in Provo, Utah reported that "materialism was also linked to less effective communication, higher levels of negative conflict, lower relationship satisfaction, and less marriage stability" and Susan Heitler, a Denver-based clinical psychologist discovered that "people who are materialistic tend to be narcissistic and concerned with impressing people. They have a tendency to be anxious, depressed, have relatively poor relationship skills and have low self-esteem. These qualities in turn can cause marital problems." It's so sad to think that the materialism of society affects the happiness of couples. They as individuals might have different material wants and demands that would have an impact on their happiness as a couple. We learned about the income effect and how a change in income leads to a change in consumption. Shared incomes in a marriage are being jeopordized by the materialism and demands that one of the spouses has. Shopaholics do exist, I watched a 'True Life' on it, and the people who are addicted to shopping burn through their partners income like it was Monopoly money. The need to find happiness in goods is replacing happiness in marriage. Consumers seek to maximize happiness and everyone has a right to do that but the material world shouldn't be a third wheel in a relationship.

BlackBerry service restored after worst outage ever

On Monday, October 10, BlackBerry suffered, what they called, its largest-ever network disruption. The BlackBerry service's infrastructure suffered a hardware error and then the problem cascaded with a backup system not properly working, according to RIM's founder and co-CEO Mike Lazaridis. Research In Motion (RIM) is the company that produces the line of BlackBerry phones, tablets, etc. On Thursday, October 13, the BlackBerry service was restored but not without slight damage to the psyche of the company. While BlackBerry has had a whopping 40% growth in subscribers over the previous year, it's not a good moment to alienate them. With increasing competition from the growing popularity of Google's Android phones and the market-dominating iPhones from Apple, the room for mishaps in this arena is minimal. Competition is as fierce as it has ever been in the cellular phone market and this disruption gives consumers a seed of doubt that could end up harming BlackBerry.

The infrastructure being down could potentially change the consumer's perception of the product, which could bring a devestating change in demand for BlackBerry's. This "leftward" shift of demand creates an excess of supply, which would eventually force BlackBerry to lower their prices. The Substitution effect will take place as well with Andriods and iPhones stealing frustrated customers away from BlackBerry.

- Taylor E.

The price on batgirl, superman and Lady Gaga

BOO! Halloween is closer and closer as the month of October flies by high school students. So many costumes are in stores and there are so many ideas now that the media influences teens to dress up as the character or actual person related to the current event news like Lady Gaga. However, how much does it cost to be that person or buy a costume before, during and after Halloween? Has anyone ever compared the price of one costume to making your own costume to like your favorite idol? Or the fact that when Halloween comes around there are stores open only for that specific event? One thing that I have noticed is when October begins, the demand for costumes and accessories is low and the supply is adequate but they wait for the month to reach their day: Halloween. As the days gets closer and closer to Halloween though, costume prices increase as much as eighty dollars or more! Businesses know the Law of Supply and Demand and they know that when demand goes up, their supply goes down but they get big bucks if they name that right price. Not only do the costume prices increase but accessories, that are needed to complete a costume, and Halloween house decorations have prices that follow. Some costumes don't even have the full necessary items so you have to buy those other items to make you look like the character you want. After Hallloween though, the demand for costumes decreases and the supply of costumes decrease, too: That's when all costume, accesories and decorations go on clearance since they are no longer needed. Assuming that a person stays the same size, buying a costume after Halloween seems like a cheaper way to dress up for next Halloween. Is a home made costume better than a bought one? Hmmm, maybe. Could be that maybe Halloween is much more expensive than Thanksgiving? Possibly, but for now, waiting for Halloween to pass and buying a costume 3/4 of what it originally cost so I can wear for next year's Halloween sounds more frugal to me.

Technology today

In the society we live in today, technology plays a vital role in the day to day life of the common American citizen. Our businesses, relationships, friendships, and even family all rely on some sort of technical device that enables us to conveniently communicate with one another. Therefore producers feel obligated to not only constantly generate new innovations but also improve and upgrade the current technology already in use. Selling these products is no challenge for the producers, knowing that it’s in majority of the consumers self interest to have newer, better, and more advanced items. The products prices are being sky rocketed once first out on the shelves because it’s known that the consumers demand for the product is more important than the actual price. Once the upgraded version hits the shelves the original products price drastically decreases. The conflict in this situation is if these upgraded and advanced items as advanced as the firms say they are and are they really worth the prices. A perfect example of this would be the Macintosh Company. A pretty big handful of the people today own some sort of Mac merchandise in their home. Macintosh initially began with the first iPod classic as the popular thing to have, then upgraded radically from there. After a couple of years you were started to see advancements along with frequently price changes. You had a touch screen, no screen, extremely thin and small, more gigabytes and many other improvements. Now the new product is the iphone. This is where I feel the money rip off is at its climax. Most of everyone is familiar with development of the original iphone to what it is now. Front cameras, more gigabytes, new shapes, and other, what I would call, futile improvements. When the original iphone came out it was give or take 500.00 dollars. You can now buy that exact phone for 50.00 because the demand for it is nearly extinct. I feel the macintoish company has done an extraordinary job, from an economist point of view, providing what the buyers want in return receiving profit from raising the price knowing buyers won’t care.

Growth in the Entertainment Software Industry

According to the ESA (Entertainment Software Association), during the first few years the entertainment software industry made a decent amount of sales revenue. In 1996 it made $2.6 billion in sales revenue, but thirteen years later it rose to $10.5 billion in sales revenue demonstrating an increase in demand of entertainment software. As new consoles and newer games are introduced into the market, the demand increases for these goods, and so do sales for the products. The growth has also caused sales to increase in other locations. The Xbox 360 has caused consumers to purchase HDTVs. "Approximately $73 million in HDTV sales can be directly attributed to the XBox 360 game console." The increase in demand for entertainment software has also lead to an increase in jobs. Texas is ranked second nationally in computer and video game personnel in 2009, with 13,613 employees. The new jobs impacted Texas’s economy and provided and annual growth of about 13.7 percent from 2005 to 2009, thus improving the state economy. The software industry is rapidly growing and is bettering the economy in general. As new products are produced, demand for the products increases to a point where the demand for certain products become inelastic for people who are greatly interested in gaming. Certain genres or a game series can interest people greatly and cause them to not care about the price of the game when it comes out. An example for the inelastic demand could be seen when the new Halo game came out and people waited outside stores ready to purchase the game, when after a month or two the price dropped. The demand for the game series became inelastic for some players because they had greatly enjoyed the previous games. The industry is trying to attract consumers by constantly producing new games and consoles tailored to the public’s general interest. As the industry grows it will continue providing new jobs and will help fuel the economy.

A Worthwhile Investment?

Before the 2008 Bejing Olympics, China mainly focused on rowing- one of the sports that could earn them the most medals due to the sheer quantity of events. This sport however is rather difficult and costs money and effort to achieve perfection. China took initiative on training to win many gold medals on their own soil for the '08 games. China hired a new coach and gave him these specific standards: "one gold medal equals 1,000 silver medals" and the bar was set. The new focus on rowing easily shifted from the previous sports of soccer and basketball and a substitution was made. The Chinese knew that they would have a greater opportunity of winning more medals (specifically gold) if they spend more time and effort on their rowing team. Due to the command economy of China at the time; their government can dictate how they spend their money and the majority was for their rowing program. In comparison to America's mixed economy, our funding is not as exponential as China's because the state does not see it as importaint as alternatives. Since the gold medals are what all countries strive for, the competition for China will be stiff. One could say that gold medals are an inelastic good simply because no matter what the cost is to attain them, everyone still wants one. In 2008, China qualified for nine out of the fourteen events but only won one gold (for the first time ever in a rowing event) and one silver medal. China is still calculating the cost-benefit analysis of their efforts to improve their rowing team and theis reaction will be reflected in their standings in the 2012 Olympics. However, for the 2012 Olympics, China only qualified for eight out of the fourteen events, will they still be able to win any gold? China hopes that their financial investments in their rowing program will finally pay off for the 2012 Olympics in England. China no longer plans to dominate in the soccer fields and the basketball courts, but rather the bodies of water all over the world. Could China capitalize on their efforts to win gold medals, or will their competition's efforts (and results of the cost-benefit analysis) exceed China's expectations?

Are You A God?

In most all cases, a luxurious car, such as the Bugatti Grand Sport, is so pricey that even some of the wealthiest people hesitate when looking at the $2 million price tag. When a professional racecar driver, Butch Leitzinger was graced with the rare opportunity to drive around in one of these, he received some wild reactions. He said that when he was stopped at a traffic light, a girl in the car next to him asked, “Are you a god?”. With pure grain leather all around, a top speed of up to 267.85 mph, and the ability to go from 0 to 62 mph in 2.7 seconds, this special car is put on the top of the list for most expensive vehicles of 2011-2012 (thesupercars.org). So, if it’s so expensive, why even buy it? It is considered a luxury good, like Gucci and Jimmy Choo, with an expensive name that goes with it. For that reason, those who can afford it and are willing to pay the extra money, spend it for a reputation and ego. If they were to lower the price, perhaps more people would buy it, giving us an example of the law of demand. At the same time, it would take away from the glory of the car. Because of lack of sales, the company chooses to only sell one model at a time with a very limited supply. They know that, because of consumer sovereignty, many will not be sold, making perfect sense. Do you think Bugatti is doing it's best to maximize their profit?

The "Best Weapon"?

As researched in the Neurofocus ESPN Case Study, sponsorships and endorsements have a great impact on consumer interest, causing an increased demand for the endorsed products.  The demand for goods increases because the athlete or consumer feels that a certain product is an easy fix or addition to their performance.  By buying a certain product, the consumer believes that he/she will receive wanted results similar to that of the idolized professional athlete.

Although Novak Djokovic clearly demonstrated his superiority by winning the US Open singles championship and had one of the best tennis seasons for a tennis player ever, playing with the Head YOUTEK IG Speed racket, Head rackets are not crowding the shelves of tenniswarehouse.com, Golfsmith, Academy, or Sports Authority.  The last overwhelmingly successful tennis player to play with a Head racket was Andre Agassi, and before him Arthur Ashe.  In contrast, the more popular and well known star of the Grand Slam circuit, Rafael Nadal, has generated enormous market interest with his Babolat AeroPro Drive GT.  Rafa is very well known for his extremely athletic style of championship tennis play.  Nadal's muscular definition, warrior-like head band, and his long hair drenched with sweat defines him as an athletic icon.  Many athletes inside and outside of tennis aspire to achieve the persona of Rafa.  Nadal's image and 10 Grandslam titles have allowed him to become an image that can sell products.  His racket has become extremely popular among junior tennis players throughout the world.  The black and yellow "weapon" known as "Nadal's stick" is a top-seller at popular tennis retailers and internet sites.  The demand for the Nadal image has greatly increased the "value" of his endorsed products.  It has even lead to the development of look-alike products for little kids with junior rackets.  This marketing strategy has allowed Babolat to encroach on the racket share of Prince, Wilson and Head.  Consumers aspire to be able to be a champion like Rafa, and look good doing it also.  Nadal's line of products accomplishes both of these targets for the consumer. 

It is likely that even as Nadal's career declines that his endorsed products will continue to sell well in the market.  Nadal's personal appeal, in comparison to that of Djokovic, has been a superior marketing instrument.  This is in spite of the fact that Djokovic's level of play at the recent US Open was a quantum above that of Nadal.  Nadal's appeal is partially related to his Western-European heritage compared with the more foreign Easter-European heritage of Djokovic.

The ability of Babolat and Nike to increase sales through their sponsorships is a perfect example of increased consumer expectations.  The expectations of a consumer to have the athletic edge through advanced equipment have caused a shift of demand.  The shift of demand with more people wanting to purchase Rafa's products has completely changed the point of equilibrium for the cost of tennis rackets.  Not only are the products greatly desired for aesthetic purposes, committed tennis players feel that if they do not have the product, they are actually at a disadvantage.  Tennis competitors at all levels of capability are willing to pay more and more for tennis rackets.  Consumer expectations and public appeal continues to keep tennis companies searching for the equilibrium price.

The effectiveness of sports sponsorships and advertising has been studied by researchers of NeuroFocus with regards to NBA broadcasting.  Their studies have resulted in proof to show increased focus, attention, retention and overall effectiveness of advertising through sponsorships and endorsements.

Will Apple kill the Ipod Classic and Shuffle?

According to recent activity on a reliable blog concerning Apple news, the unveiling of the new Iphone 5 will come with other news as well.  The common speculation is that apple will be discontinuing the sale and manufacture of the classic and shuffle models of Ipod.  This information must be questioned and using basic economic ideas we can formulate an accurate prediction of the company’s next move.  In the company’s last earnings report it was shown that only seven percent of the company’s earnings was from the Ipod.  This shows that the public’s demand for a device that solely functions as an Ipod is transitioning as better devises with more functions are made by apple.  These newer products like the Iphone and Ipod touch have become substitutions for the classic and shuffle.  The newer models have all the same features that these two products valued as their key features.  It is possible that the marginal costs of these products have also begun to become higher the marginal revenues for these older products, as the demand slowly shifts to the newer products, due also to a drop in the equalibrium price.  Considering this, it seems obvious that there are more costs of keeping the Ipod classic and shuffle around.  Therefore, economically speaking, it makes perfect sense for Apple  to be discontinuing these relic models of the Ipod.
http://articles.cnn.com/2011-09-28/tech/tech_mobile_ipod-discontinued-rumor_1_ipod-apple-plans-iphone?_s=PM:TECH

CANTALOUPE CRISIS

In the CNN article "Tainted cantaloupes linked to 13 deaths, public health officials say," the reporter describes the recent outbreak of deaths caused by consumption of cantaloupe contaminated with bacteria. Contaminated cantaloupe has resulted in thirteen deaths and seventy-two illnesses across eighteen states which all combines into the deadliest outbreak of a food-borne illness since 1998. These contaminated cantaloupes have been narrowed down to originating from a farm called Jensen Farms in Colorado. Even though these bad cantaloupes have been said to have come from just one farm, frequent consumers of cantaloupe are being warned to stop their avid consumption of the fruit. Because of this outbreak of illness and death, the demand for cantaloupe will decrease immensely. Demand will slow and consumers will stop buying cantaloupe from local grocery stores and fruit venders resulting in local venders with an overstock of cantaloupe that cannot be sold, which then causes venders to stop buying cantaloupe from farmers, which in some cases may put some cantaloupe farmers out of business or at least slow their revenue in short term as well as long term. This is a perfect example of cause and effect. One farm produces contaminated cantaloupes resulting in slowing the whole cantaloupe business. Also, this will cause substitutes for the people who consumed cantaloupe. People will begin to chose other fruits instead of cantaloupe. When the people who eat cantaloupe as their main fruit do not buy cantaloupe anymore, they will look to another fruit, maybe an apple or an orange, causing a rise in demand for apples and oranges.

A Culture Change in Detroit

For the first time since 1980 the Detroit Lions are 3-0. We’ve seen the Lions at the bottom of the totem pole the last 30 seasons or so and now suddenly they’re leading the pack. Jamie Samuelsen's blog post, Detroit Lions culture has changed, states that what was needed in order for the teams luck to reverse was a culture change. The energy in Detroit must have been overwhelming on Sunday after the Lions came back from behind to beat the Minnesota Vikings 26-23. With the players and fans fired up about this season starting off perfect, Detroit is changing. Matt Stafford has gone from flop to local hero. More money is going to be pumped into the team through ticket sales, merchandise, and publicity. Those Lions fans from the good ol’ days are going to start tuning in on Sundays and viewer rates are going to go up. The demand for the Lions is skyrocketing. They just might be the new ‘Cinderella Story’ and this will have a financial impact on the city of Detroit that has suffered through the economic hardships of the last few years. More money is going to be circulating through the city and new demands will rise due to the success of the Lions.